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| Typhoid Symptoms, Causes, Prevention and Diagnosis |
Salmonella enterica is a fever caused by serotype typhi bacteria. Typhoid symptoms are similar to common fever which can be easily recognized. It can also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi which is a related bacterium. and usually causes less fatal disease. Its bacteria are deposited by a human carrier in water or food. And then spread to other people in the area!
India, Pakistan and Egypt are also known as high risk areas for developing this disease. Worldwide, typhoid fever affects more than 21 million people annually, with approximately 200,000 dying from the disease.
Typhoid fever is caused by eating contaminated food or drinking water containing bacteria. People with this disease can contaminate the surrounding water supply through feces. Contains a high concentration of bacteria! This type of contaminated water supply can make humans sick. Bacteria can survive in water or dry sewage for weeks.
Typhoid fever is a fatal and sometimes life-threatening infection. It mostly affects people from developing countries. Where there is no sanitation and getting clean water is a problem.
What is Typhoid ?
Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid fever. It is a potentially fatal multisystemic disease caused mainly by Salmonella enterica serotype typhi. And to a lesser extent, S. enterica is also caused by serotype paratyphi A, B, and C. The terms typhoid and enteric fever are commonly used for typhoid.
Typhoid fever has a variety of presentations. Which ranges from a highly multi-systemic illness to relatively mild cases of diarrhea with low-grade fever. Untreated typhoid fever can cause delirium, childbirth, intestinal bleeding, bowel perforation and even death within a month of onset.
Symptoms of Typhoid
Typhoid fever can come on suddenly or very slowly over a period of a few days. The disease usually begins a week or two after exposure to the bacteria, with a high fever, abdominal pain, and body aches. If the infection is not treated on time, the person may lose weight.
Also, a swollen or bloated stomach may develop or a red patchy rash may develop on the lower part of the chest or upper part of the abdomen. Without treatment, typhoid fever can last for a month or more. And can be very deadly, even lethal!
In most cases, the symptoms begin to go away in the third and fourth weeks. Unless the disease causes some other health problem. Sometimes, the disease seems to be gone but it can come back!
Some people become carriers of the bacteria after recovering from typhoid fever. This means that they will not have any symptoms, but they will have the bacteria in their body and they can pass it on to others. Typhoid ke lakshan are the following!
- Red rash on neck, back and chest
- Fill these granules with water within 24 hours
- Sparkle like pearls
- Pinkish marks
- Pneumonia – can also occur at the time of typhoid disease
- The disease lasts for about 3 to 4 weeks
- At the time of illness, there is lethargy in the body and there is no desire to work.
- Headache
- Shivering
- Loss of appetite
- Loose stools
- Nose bleeding
- Whitish tongue
How diagnosed Typhoid
After ingestion of contaminated food or water, Salmonella bacteria invade the small intestine. and temporarily enters the bloodstream! The bacteria are carried by white blood cells to the liver, spleen and bone marrow. where they continue to grow and re-enter the bloodstream. At this point people develop typhoid with fever.
The bacteria invade the lymphatic tissue of the gallbladder, biliary system and bowel. Here, they grow in high numbers! The bacteria move into the intestinal tract and can be detected in stool samples. If the result of the test is not clear, blood or urine samples are taken and the Widal test is performed to make the diagnosis.
How treat typhoid
Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics that kill the Salmonella bacteria. Before the use of antibiotics, the mortality rate was 20%! In which death occurred due to excessive infection, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding or intestinal perforation. With antibiotics and supportive care, the mortality rate is reduced to 1%-2%. With appropriate antibiotic therapy, improvement usually occurs within one to two days and within seven to 10 days.
There are many antibiotics effective for treating typhoid fever. Chloramphenicol was the original drug of treatment for many years. Due to rare and fatal side effects, chloramphenicol has been replaced by other effective antibiotics.
Interesting facts about Typhoid
- Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype typhi bacterium.
- Typhoid fever is caused by consumption of contaminated food or water.
- Diagnosis of typhoid fever with stool, urine or blood cultures. Detection of Salmonella bacteria
- Typhoid fever can be treated with main antibiotics.
- Symptoms of typhoid fever are loss of appetite, headache, generalized pain, fever and lethargy.
- About 3%-5% of patients become carriers of the bacteria after acute illness.
Typhoid fever vaccine is not a routine childhood vaccination. If your child is traveling to an area where typhoid fever is common! So you have to ask your doctor for the vaccine! Children should be vaccinated at least 1 to 2 weeks before travel. This gives the vaccine time to take effect.